Up to recently, the two main types of chemical nitrogen fertiliser used on Irish farms were calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) and urea. There are three problems with urea and CAN fertiliser. In the conversion of urea to ammonium, ammonia gas is released. Ammonia is an air pollutant that is damaging to life in sensitive eco-systems and is linked to human respiratory health issues. Ireland has exceeded its ammonia emissions targets and because 98% of Ireland’s ammonia emissions come from farming, the focus is on us to do something about it. So using less urea is one way to help solve the ammonia problem.