A healthy mare is more likely to conceive, carry a foal to term, and produce a strong, viable offspring. Looking after the health of a broodmare plays a crucial role in the success of any breeding programme. Proper management of a broodmare’s health requires attention to detail including nutrition, veterinary care, reproductive health, and overall wellbeing throughout her life.

Before breeding, a broodmare should undergo a thorough veterinary examination, including a reproductive soundness check. This often includes an ultrasound scan to assess the condition of the uterus and ovaries, as well as a uterine culture or biopsy to check for infections or abnormalities. Mares should be in good body condition, as being underweight or overweight can negatively impact fertility.

Vaccinations and deworming should be up to date before breeding to ensure the mare is in optimal health. Mares should also be tested for equine infectious diseases such as equine herpesvirus (EHV-1), equine viral arteritis (EVA), and contagious equine metritis (CEM), which can cause pregnancy loss or infertility.

Additional vitamins

Once a mare is confirmed in foal, her diet and management need to be adjusted to support the developing fetus. High-quality forage should be the foundation of her diet, with additional vitamins and minerals, especially in the final trimester when fetal growth accelerates. Access to clean water, adequate exercise, and routine hoof care are also essential for maintaining overall health.

Regular veterinary checks throughout pregnancy help monitor fetal development and detect any complications early. Mares should receive vaccinations at key stages to protect both themselves and their unborn foal, particularly a tetanus, influenza, and EHV-1 booster around five, seven, and nine months of gestation to prevent abortion caused by herpesvirus.

As foaling approaches, mares should be moved to a clean, safe foaling environment. Signs of impending labour include udder development (waxing), relaxation of the pelvic ligaments, and changes in behaviour. Most foalings occur without issues, but breeders should be prepared to intervene or call a vet if complications arise.

First milk

After foaling, the mare should be monitored closely to ensure she passes the placenta within three hours. Retained placenta can lead to serious infections or laminitis if not treated promptly. The mare’s udder should also be checked to confirm she is producing sufficient colostrum, the nutrient-rich first milk that provides vital antibodies to the foal.

A broodmare’s reproductive health can decline with age, particularly if she has had difficult foalings, uterine infections, or hormonal imbalances. Regular breeding soundness exams help assess her ongoing fertility. Giving mares rest years between pregnancies can also help maintain their long-term wellbeing. Overall, careful management, veterinary oversight, and proper nutrition are key to ensuring broodmares remain healthy and productive throughout their breeding careers.