Out-wintered stock: The weather over the past few weeks has been hard on out-wintered cattle. Weanlings and young cattle that are out-wintered are still susceptible to worms and fluke. I have spoken to some farmers in the past few weeks who have some light calves out at grass at low stocking rates. One of the issues that has cropped up is calves coughing. If calves are coughing, and have not been dosed in the past six to eight weeks, treatment is probably necessary. The unsettled weather can bring on pneumonia quickly, especially if there is inadequate shelter. In most cases, it may be more beneficial to house these cattle where possible in a well ventilated shed. Avoid mixing stock to reduce bullying; let them settle for a few days and then treat them. Where they are treated and remain outdoors, pay particular attention for the early signs of pneumonia. Calves that are coughing up worms can become stressed quickly and the risk of pneumonia can increase. Remember to continue to supplement outdoors with 2kg/head of concentrates and silage, where necessary.Where calves or weanlings have been are on stubble ground or on kale or rape for more than eight weeks, they can be given a fluke treatment. Most fluke should be in a mature stage and a high kill rate will be achieved. Brassicas are high in protein but low in dry matter and minerals. Cattle grazing them should be supplemented accordingly.